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1.
Rev. ORL (Salamanca) ; 13(2): 97-109, junio 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211133

RESUMO

En marzo de 2021 se ha celebrado el 80 aniversario de la primera aplicación terapéutica del radioyodo (RAI) por Saúl Hertz a una paciente con hipertiroidismo el 31 de marzo de 1936. El éxito alcanzado impulsó su utilización en el tratamiento del carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides (CDT) y supuso un cambio de paradigma en el manejo de las enfermedades tiroideas. Desde entonces, han cambiado las estrategias de administración de RAI a pacientes con CDT y aún hoy día existen controversias. En esta revisión vamos a comentar las diferentes estrategias adoptadas en la administración de RAI a pacientes con CDT a lo largo de estas 8 décadas y cuáles son las controversias actuales en cuanto a qué pacientes con CDT hay que administrar RAI y qué actividad de RAI se debe administrar. (AU)


March 2021 has marked the eightieth anniversary of targeted radionuclide therapy, recognizing the first use of radioactive iodine (RAI) to treat thyroid disease by Dr. Saul Hertz on March 31, 1941. Success with hyperthyroidism fueled a seamless, almost intuitive transition to the use of RAI in thyroid carcinoma and marked the beginning of a new paradigm for thyroid cancer diagnosis and management. Since then, several therapeutic strategies have been adopted in the management of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and there are still controversies today regarding which patients with DTC should be administered RAI and what RAI activity should be administered, issues that will be commented in this review. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Hipertireoidismo , Medicina , Terapêutica , Pacientes
2.
Rev. ORL (Salamanca) ; 13(2): 125-135, junio 2022. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-211135

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo:Los subtipos histológicos agresivos de cáncer de tiroides son menos frecuentes y tienen peor pronóstico que los bien diferenciados (CDT). Los subtipos agresivos más importantes son el carcinoma de células de Hürthle (CCH), el carcinoma anaplásico y el pobremente diferenciadoEn esta revisión vamos a hablar del papel del PET-CT, especialmente con 18F-FDG, en estas estirpes histológicas agresivas, así como en subtipos agresivos de CDT (células altas, esclerosante difuso…) y en el carcinoma de tiroides refractario al radioyodo.Síntesis:Aunque la principal indicación del PET con 18F-FDG en el cáncer de tiroides es la sospecha de recidiva, en pacientes con CDT con tiroglobulina sérica elevada y rastreo corporal total (RCT) con radioyodo negativo, esta técnica tiene crecientes aplicaciones en el CDT.Así mismo, el PET con 18F-FDG también es una herramienta diagnóstica eficiente en el estudio del carcinoma anaplásico, el pobremente diferenciado y otras estirpes histológicas agresivas.Es recomendado en las guías clínicas actuales como parte de la estadificación inicial en cánceres de tiroides anaplásico, pobremente diferenciados y CCH invasivo. Y cada vez se emplea más en otras indicaciones como valoración pronóstica, de la respuesta al tratamiento, e incluso durante el seguimiento de pacientes de alto riesgo.El empleo de otros trazadores para PET como el 68Ga-PSMA y el 68Ga-DOTATATE no han demostrado claramente su beneficio clínico frente a la 18F-FDG. Suelen limitarse a casos en los que sea necesaria la valoración de la densidad de receptores de análogos de somatostatina y PSMA previa a terapia metabólica. (AU)


Introduction and objective: The aggressive histological subtypes of thyroid cancer are less common and have a worse prognosis than well –differentiated ones (DTC). The most important aggressive subtypes are Hürtle cell carcinoma (CHH), anaplasic and poorly differentiated carcinoma. In this review, we are going to evaluate the role of PET-CT, especially with 18F-FDG, in these aggressive histological lines, as well as in aggressive subtypes of DTC (tall cells, diffuse sclerosing...) and in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Synthesis: Although the main indication for 18F-FDG PET in thyroid cancer is suspected recurrence, in patients with DTC with elevated serum thyroglobulin and radioiodine-negative whole-body scan (WBS), this technique has increasing applications in DTC. Likewise, 18F-FDG PET is also an efficient diagnostic tool in the study of anaplastic carcinoma, poorly differentiated and other aggressive lines. It is recommended, in current clinical guidelines, as part of the initial staging in anaplastic, poorly differentiated, and invasive HCC. And it is increasingly used in other indications such as prognostic assessment, evaluation of treatment response, and even during the follow-up of high-risk patients. The use of other PET tracers, such as 68Ga-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTATATE have not clearly demonstrated their clini-cal benefit over 18F-FDG. They are usually limited to cases in which it is necessary to assess the density of somatostatin analogs and PSMA receptors prior to metabolic therapy. Conclusions: 18F-FDG PET-CT is the most effective functional diagnostic technique in the study of poorly differentiated and aggressive thyroid neoplasms, since they show little or no avidity for radioiodine and however high affinity for 18F-FDG. The role of other PET tracers for the evaluation of these tumors is promising, although it still needs studies with a larger number of patients. (AU)


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide , Carcinoma , Terapêutica , Pacientes , Prognóstico
3.
Rev. ORL (Salamanca) ; 11(3): 283-295, jul.-sept. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197898

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: La Medicina Nuclear tiene un papel destacado en el estudio de la patología de tiroides y paratiroides. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una revisión de las técnicas de imagen disponibles actualmente en Medicina Nuclear, para el estudio de dicha patología. SÍNTESIS: La gammagrafía de tiroides sigue siendo una técnica útil en el estudio de la patología tiroidea, como, por ejemplo, en el nódulo tiroideo o el hipotiroidismo congénito. El SPECT-CT mejora el diagnóstico, frente al rastreo corporal total (RCT) con radioyodo, en pacientes con cáncer diferenciado de tiroides y cambia el manejo terapéutico, a la vez que, añadido a la gammagrafía de paratiroides, ayuda a la planificación de la cirugía, sobre todo en adenomas ectópicos. El PET-CT con 18F-FDG y con otros trazadores, tiene un papel relevante en varias indicaciones y tipos histológicos de cáncer de tiroides, aunque principalmente en la sospecha de recidiva. Así mismo, el PET-CT con fluorocolina es una alternativa excelente, con cifras elevadas de localización exitosa, en los casos de hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPTp) con pruebas convencionales negativas. CONCLUSIONES: Con los avances técnicos de los últimos años en el ámbito de la Medicina Nuclear y, particularmente, con la imagen híbrida, se ha mejorado el estudio de la patología tiroidea, fundamentalmente del cáncer de tiroides, así como la localización prequirúrgica del HPTp


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Nuclear Medicine has a relevant role in the study of thyroid and parathyroid gland pathology. The aim of this work is to review the imaging techniques available nowadays in Nuclear Medicine, to study this pathology. SYNTHESIS: Thyroid scinthigraphy is, even today, a useful tool in the study of thyroid pathology, such us in the thyroid nodule or in congenital hypothyroidism. SPECT-CT, compared to whole body scintigraphy (WBS) with radioiodine, improve the diagnosis and change the therapeutic management in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, at the same time that, added to the parathyroid scintigraphy, it helps planning the surgery, especially in ectopic adenomas. PET-CT with FDG and other tracers has a relevant role in several indications and histology types of thyroid cancer, although mainly in the suspicion of recurrence. In addition, Fluorocholine PET-CT is an excellent alternative, with high successful localization rate, in cases with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and negative conventional techniques. CONCLUSIONS: With technical advances in the area of Nuclear Medicine, and particularly with hybrid imaging, the study of thyroid pathology has improved, especially in thyroid cancer, as well as pre-surgical localization of pHPT


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Medicina Nuclear/métodos , Doenças das Paratireoides/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Nódulo da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico , Hipotireoidismo Congênito/diagnóstico , Cintilografia , Tomografia Computadorizada com Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único/métodos , Fluordesoxiglucose F18
4.
Rev. ORL (Salamanca) ; 11(3): 297-304, jul.-sept. 2020. graf, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197899

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: La PET/TC es una técnica cuyas indicaciones en Oncología se encuentran en expansión y el cáncer de tiroides es una de ellas. MÉTODO: Revisión narrativa. COMENTARIOS: En el presente artículo se revisan las indicaciones establecidas hasta la fecha, así como aquellos campos en los que son necesarias investigaciones adicionales que permitan establecer la utilidad de esta técnica en los distintos tipos de patología maligna tiroidea


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: PET/CT is a technique which oncological indications are now increasing, being thyroid cancer one of them. METHOD: narrative review. COMMENT: The present study is a review of well-known indications, as well as those fields in which more studies are needed to establish the utility of this technique in every kind of malignant thyroid pathology


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Glândula Tireoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Lipossarcoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Medular/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Medular/patologia , Carcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma/patologia
5.
Rev. ORL (Salamanca) ; 11(3): 305-327, jul.-sept. 2020. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197900

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: El tratamiento de la patología con radioyodo (RAI) se viene realizando desde hace más de 7 décadas. Sin embargo, no existe consenso en cuanto a indicaciones, dosis y otros aspectos relacionados con el cuidado de los pacientes. La razón de ello es la ausencia de ensayos clínicos prospectivos bien diseñadospara resolver estos interrogantes en cuanto al tratamiento con 131I, a pesar de la alta prevalencia de las enfermedades tiroideas. El tratamiento con 131I está indicado en el tratamiento del hipertiroidismo, producido por la enfermedad de Graves, por el adenoma tóxico y por el bocio multinodular tóxico; del bocio multinodular no tóxico y del carcinoma diferenciado de tiroides (CDT). El objetivo del tratamiento con RAI en caso del hipertiroidismo y del bocio multinodular no tóxico es disminuir la función tiroidea o disminuir el volumen de la glándula tiroides. En el caso del CDT, los objetivos de la administración de RAI tras la cirugía son la ablación de los restos tiroideos, el tratamiento adyuvante de la enfermedad microscópica sospechada no confirmada y el tratamiento de la enfermedad persistente loco-regional o metastásica. A la espera de los resultados de ensayos clínicos actualmente en: marcha, el tratamiento con 131I está justificado no solo en los pacientes de alto riesgo, sino también en los pacientes de riesgo bajo (T > 1 cm) e intermedio


Introduction and ojective: Radioiodine (RAI) therapy of the thyroid diseases has been used for seven decades. However, there is no consensus regarding indications, doses, procedures, and other aspects related to the clinical care of the patients considered for 131I therapy. The reason for this is the lack of large well-designed prospective clinical trials resolving fundamental questions in relation to 131I therapy, despite the high prevalence of thyroid diseases. Radioiodine therapy is indicated for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (Graves'disease, toxic nodular goiter and toxic multinodular goiter), multinodular nontoxic goiter and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). In benign thyroid diseases, RAI is administered to decrease the thyroid function and/or reduction of the thyroid volume. In DTC, post-operative administration of RAI may includeremnant ablation to eliminate residual normal thyroid tissue after thyroidectomy, adjuvant therapy to destroy suspected, but unproven residual disease and RAI therapy to treat persistent disease in higher risk patients. Pending the results of the prospective clinical trials that are currently underway, the use of 131I seems to be justified not only in high-risk patients, but also in low-intermediate-risk patients


Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/terapia , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos dos fármacos , Radioisótopos do Iodo/uso terapêutico , Hipertireoidismo/terapia , Radioisótopos do Iodo/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/terapia , Lipossarcoma/terapia
6.
Emergencias ; 31(3): 189-194, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31210452

RESUMO

EN: This project analyzed the feasibility, effectiveness, and sustainability of an educational project to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This project has been carried out in a publicly subsidized school in a town in Asturias, Spain (population, over 80 000 inhabitants). The enrollment included students in preschool and both primary and secondary education classes. The project had 3 phases: 1) health care experts trained the teachers in CPR and they designed the educational project together; 2) health care experts taught CPR to schoolchildren, and 3) teachers taught CPR to the children. All the children enrolled in preschool and primary school (aged 3 to 12 years) initially participated in the study. Training followed the 2005 guidelines of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) in effect at the time of the study. In the first phase (2006), 19 teachers (79.2% of the faculty) were trained in basic CPR and collaborated with the health care professionals in designing the course, including setting its objectives and developing materials. In the second phase (2006-2011), the health care professionals trained 646 preschool and primary school children and accredited 13 teachers (54.2% of the faculty) in the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) and to serve as CPR instructional monitors. In the third phase (2012-2014), 7 teachers trained 703 preschool and primary and secondary school students, and 17 teachers (70.8% of the faculty) received training to become CPR monitors and/or to update their knowledge of AED use. A total of 1349 students between the ages of 3 and 15 years received instruction in CPR. The school has had an AED on its premises since 2011. The teachers have made further improvements in the courses, incorporating new teaching materials, updating the objectives, and extending instruction to secondary school students. The implementation of an educational program to teach CPR in a school that enrolls preschool through secondary school students was feasible and sustainable. Teachers have improved the program, extended it to secondary school students, and made the project known in the local media and on the school's web site, thus contributing to the creation of a CPR culture that reached out to the community.


ES: Se analiza la experiencia de un proyecto educativo de reanimación cardiopulmonar básica (RCPB) en un centro escolar valorando si es viable, efectivo y perdurable en el tiempo. Se trata de un proyecto desarrollado en un centro de enseñanza concertada de educación infantil (EI), primaria (EP) y secundaria (ESO), ubicado en un concejo muy poblado de Asturias, de más de 80.000 habitantes, en tres fases: 1) formación de maestros por personal sanitario y diseño conjunto del proyecto; 2) formación de escolares por personal sanitario, y 3) formación de niños por sus profesores. Se incluyeron todos los alumnos matriculados en el colegio en EI y EP (3 a 12 años). La formación impartida siguió las recomendaciones ILCOR (International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation) 2005, vigentes en aquel momento. En la fase 1 (año 2006) 19 profesores (79,2% de la plantilla) recibieron formación en RCPB y diseñaron con el personal sanitario los objetivos y material a emplear para cada curso. En la fase 2 (2006-2011) el personal sanitario formó a 646 escolares de EI y EP, y acreditó a 13 maestros (54,2% de la plantilla) para utilizar un DEA y como monitores de RCPB. En la fase 3 (2012-2014) 7 maestros formaron a 703 alumnos de EI, EP y ESO; 17 profesores (70,8% de la plantilla) recibieron cursos de monitor de RCPB y reciclajes DEA. En total recibieron formación en RCPB 1.349 niños entre 3 y 15 años. Desde el año 2011, el colegio cuenta con un DEA. Los profesores han mejorado el proyecto incorporando nuevos materiales, adelantado objetivos y extendiéndolo a los alumnos de ESO. La implantación de un proyecto educativo en RCPB en un colegio de enseñanza concertada de EI, EP y ESO de Asturias fue viable y ha perdurado. El profesorado ha mejorado el proyecto y lo ha extendido a los alumnos de secundaria, difundiendo la RCPB en medios de comunicación locales y en su página web, creando una cultura de la RCPB y acercándola a toda la comunidad.


Assuntos
Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/educação , Pessoal de Saúde , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudantes , Capacitação de Professores , Adolescente , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/normas , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Desfibriladores , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Desenvolvimento de Programas/métodos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Espanha , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Capacitação de Professores/métodos , Capacitação de Professores/organização & administração , Capacitação de Professores/estatística & dados numéricos
7.
Emergencias (Sant Vicenç dels Horts) ; 31(3): 189-194, jun. 2019. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-182730

RESUMO

Se analiza la experiencia de un proyecto educativo de reanimación cardiopulmonar básica (RCPB) en un centro escolar valorando si es viable, efectivo y perdurable en el tiempo. Se trata de un proyecto desarrollado en un centro de enseñanza concertada de educación infantil (EI), primaria (EP) y secundaria (ESO), ubicado en un concejo muy poblado de Asturias, de más de 80.000 habitantes, en tres fases: 1) formación de maestros por personal sanitario y diseño conjunto del proyecto; 2) formación de escolares por personal sanitario, y 3) formación de niños por sus profesores. Se incluyeron todos los alumnos matriculados en el colegio en EI y EP (3 a 12 años). La formación impartida siguió las recomendaciones ILCOR (International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation) 2005, vigentes en aquel momento. En la fase 1 (año 2006) 19 profesores (79,2% de la plantilla) recibieron formación en RCPB y diseñaron con el personal sanitario los objetivos y material a emplear para cada curso. En la fase 2 (2006-2011) el personal sanitario formó a 646 escolares de EI y EP, y acreditó a 13 maestros (54,2% de la plantilla) para utilizar un DEA y como monitores de RCPB. En la fase 3 (2012-2014) 7 maestros formaron a 703 alumnos de EI, EP y ESO; 17 profesores (70,8% de la plantilla) recibieron cursos de monitor de RCPB y reciclajes DEA. En total recibieron formación en RCPB 1.349 niños entre 3 y 15 años. Desde el año 2011, el colegio cuenta con un DEA. Los profesores han mejorado el proyecto incorporando nuevos materiales, adelantado objetivos y extendiéndolo a los alumnos de ESO. La implantación de un proyecto educativo en RCPB en un colegio de enseñanza concertada de EI, EP y ESO de Asturias fue viable y ha perdurado. El profesorado ha mejorado el proyecto y lo ha extendido a los alumnos de secundaria, difundiendo la RCPB en medios de comunicación locales y en su página web, creando una cultura de la RCPB y acercándola a toda la comunidad


This project analyzed the feasibility, effectiveness, and sustainability of an educational project to teach cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This project has been carried out in a publicly subsidized school in a town in Asturias, Spain (population, over 80 000 inhabitants). The enrollment included students in preschool and both primary and secondary education classes. The project had 3 phases: 1) health care experts trained the teachers in CPR and they designed the educational project together; 2) health care experts taught CPR to schoolchildren, and 3) teachers taught CPR to the children. All the children enrolled in preschool and primary school (aged 3 to 12 years) initially participated in the study. Training followed the 2005 guidelines of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) in effect at the time of the study. In the first phase (2006), 19 teachers (79.2% of the faculty) were trained in basic CPR and collaborated with the health care professionals in designing the course, including setting its objectives and developing materials. In the second phase (2006-2011), the health care professionals trained 646 preschool and primary school children and accredited 13 teachers (54.2% of the faculty) in the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) and to serve as CPR instructional monitors. In the third phase (2012-2014), 7 teachers trained 703 preschool and primary and secondary school students, and 17 teachers (70.8% of the faculty) received training to become CPR monitors and/or to update their knowledge of AED use. A total of 1349 students between the ages of 3 and 15 years received instruction in CPR. The school has had an AED on its premises since 2011. The teachers have made further improvements in the courses, incorporating new teaching materials, updating the objectives, and extending instruction to secondary school students. The implementation of an educational program to teach CPR in a school that enrolls preschool through secondary school students was feasible and sustainable. Teachers have improved the program, extended it to secondary school students, and made the project known in the local media and on the school's web site, thus contributing to the creation of a CPR culture that reached out to the community


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Projetos , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/educação , Parada Cardíaca/reabilitação , Capacitação de Professores , Educação/métodos , Primeiros Socorros/métodos
8.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 24(6): 284-288, nov-dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-106336

RESUMO

Objetivo Conocer el grado de control del colesterol de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (cLDL) en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC), su tratamiento farmacológico y el porcentaje de reducción necesario para alcanzar objetivos según las nuevas guías europeas para el manejo de la dislipidemia .Material y métodos Estudio descriptivo transversal entre los pacientes atendidos en atención primaria con ERC (FG<60ml/min/1,73m2) entre 18 y 85 años. Se registraron edad, sexo, factores de riesgo, enfermedades cardiovasculares asociadas, presión arterial, glucosa, creatinina, filtrado glomerular estimado (FGE), colesterol total, triglicéridos, colesterol de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (cHDL) y cLDL. Se consideró control lipídico un valor <70mg/dl de cLDL. Se registró el tipo de fármaco y dosis, así como el porcentaje necesario de reducción para alcanzar objetivos Resultados Encontramos 384 pacientes con ERC, de los cuales la mayoría (92,4%) corresponden al estadio 3, con una media de edad de 75 años (62% mujeres). El 76,8% presentaban dislipidemia. El 10,7% de todos los pacientes alcanzaban el objetivo de cLDL<70mg/dl, mientras que entre los que recibían tratamiento farmacológico el control se lograba en el 16%. La mitad de los pacientes estaban tomando estatinas y un 5%, fibratos. De los tratados, el 45% estaban con dosis intermedias de estatinas, el 38% con dosis altas y, de estos, el 69% precisaban más de un 25% adicional de reducción de cLDL para alcanzar el objetivo. Conclusiones Se ha observado un escaso grado de control lipídico en la población estudiada, incluso en los tratados con dosis altas de estatinas (AU)


Objective: To find out the grade of control of LDL cholesterol in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), their pharmacological treatment and the percentage of lowering needed to reach objectives according to the new European Guidelines of treatment of dyslipidemia. Material and methods: It was made a cross-sectional descriptive study among patients with CKD attended in primary health care (GFR <60 ml/min/1,73 m2) between the age of 18 and85 years old. Age, sex, risk factors and cardiovascular disease presence, blood pressure, glucose, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration (..) (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Lipoproteínas LDL/análise , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/fisiopatologia , Colesterol/análise , Dislipidemias/fisiopatologia , Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacocinética
11.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 55(2): 69-77, feb. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63644

RESUMO

Objetivo: La obesidad está estrechamente relacionada con la resistencia a la insulina (RI), pero se valora de forma dispar en las diversas definiciones de síndrome metabólico. El objetivo del estudio fue comprobar la utilidad de distintas mediciones antropométricas para predecir RI y valorar los mejores puntos de corte. Sujetos y método: Estudio transversal sobre población de 40 a 70 años (2.143 habitantes); se obtuvo una muestra aleatoria simple de 305 pacientes no diabéticos. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, exploración y analítica habituales más insulinemia. Se consideró RI un índice de HOMA (homeostasis model assessment) $ 2,9. Se practicó una regresión logística por pasos hacia delante para obtener las mejores variables para predecir RI; después se construyó una ecuación logística y se comparó el área bajo la curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic) de ésta y de las distintas variables antropométricas en su capacidad de predicción, y los mejores puntos de corte según el índice de Youden. Resultados: Han entrado en el modelo el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la razón cintura/cadera 3 100. No han entrado la edad, el sexo, la cintura, la cadera y la superficie corporal. La ecuación logística hallada: p(RI) = 1/1 + exp {­[­14,295] ­ [0,234 3 IMC] ­ [0,07 3 (cintura/cadera 3 100)]} mostró un buen ajuste, y la probabilidad calculada por ella presenta la mayor área en general y para cada sexo, seguida en mujeres por el IMC y en varones por la cintura, pero sin diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: No se ha encontrado diferencias significativas ente IMC, cintura, cadera y un modelo logístico para predecir la RI (AU)


Objective: Obesity is closely related to insulin-resistance (IR) but it is evaluated differently in the diverse definitions of the metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to verify the utility of different anthropometric measures to predict IR and to evaluate the best cut-off points. Subjects and method: We performed a cross-sectional study of the general population aged 40 to 70 years old (n = 2,143); a simple random sample of 305 non-diabetic persons was obtained. Sociodemographic data, physical examination and routine biochemical analysis with insulinemia were obtained. IR was defined by a HOMA index (Homeostasis Model Assessment) $ 2.9. To obtain the best variables to predict IR, a forward stepwise logistic regression was performed. Subsequently, a logistic equation was constructed and its predictive capacity was compared with the different anthropometric variables by the area under the ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) curve (AUC). The best cut-off points were established according to the Youden index. Results: Body mass index (BMI) and the waist/hip ratio 3 100 were entered into the model, but age, sex, waist, hip and body surface were not. The logistic equation found: p(RI) = 1/1 + exp{­[­14.295] ­ [0.234 3 IMC] ­ [0.07 3 (waist/hip 3 100)]} showed good adjustment, and the probability calculated on the basis of this equation showed the greatest AUC overall and in both sexes, followed in women by BMI and by waist measurement in men, but without significant differences. Conclusions: No significant differences were found between the BMI, waist or hip measurements and the logistic model to predict IR (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Antropometria , Estudos Transversais , Índice de Massa Corporal , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco
12.
Recurso na Internet em Espanhol | LIS - Localizador de Informação em Saúde | ID: lis-20633

RESUMO

Presenta el Programa de Seguimiento para el Recién Nacido de Alto Riesgo con los cuidados vitales para garantir el crecimiento y desarrollo de los bebés y controles para verificarlos, sugerencias sobre como tratar los niños, inmunización y la síndrome del niño vulnerable.


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/psicologia
13.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 55(2): 69-77, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22964099

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is closely related to insulin-resistance (IR) but it is evaluated differently in the diverse definitions of the metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to verify the utility of different anthropometric measures to predict IR and to evaluate the best cut-off points. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We performed a cross-sectional study of the general population aged 40 to 70 years old (n=2,143); a simple random sample of 305 non-diabetic persons was obtained. Sociodemographic data, physical examination and routine biochemical analysis with insulinemia were obtained. IR was defined by a HOMA index (Homeostasis Model Assessment) ≥2.9. To obtain the best variables to predict IR, a forward stepwise logistic regression was performed. Subsequently, a logistic equation was constructed and its predictive capacity was compared with the different anthropometric variables by the area under the ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) curve (AUC). The best cut-off points were established according to the Youden index. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI) and the waist/hip ratio ×100 were entered into the model, but age, sex, waist, hip and body surface were not. The logistic equation found: p(RI)=1/1+exp{-[-14.295]-[0.234×IMC]-[0.07×(waist/hip×100)]} showed good adjustment, and the probability calculated on the basis of this equation showed the greatest AUC overall and in both sexes, followed in women by BMI and by waist measurement in men, but without significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences were found between the BMI, waist or hip measurements and the logistic model to predict IR.

14.
Clín. investig. arterioscler. (Ed. impr.) ; 18(3): 75-81, mayo 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-046089

RESUMO

Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio fue describir la relación entre los valores de proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCR-us) y el síndrome metabólico (SM) en una población semiurbana española. Materiales y métodos. Se estudiaron los niveles de PCR-us en una muestra aleatoria de una población semiurbana española (358 pacientes de ambos sexos atendidos en el Consultorio de Colloto) de 40 a 75 años, así como los factores clínicos y analíticos precisos para aplicar las definiciones de SM según los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y del ATP-III (cintura, cadera, índice de masa corporal, glucemia basal, insulinemia basal, índice HOMA, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad, triglicéridos y presión arterial sistólica y diastólica). Resultados. La media de PCR-us en pacientes con SM fue superior, al aplicar cualquiera de las definiciones, que en los individuos sin SM, fue mayor cuanto mayor número de factores definitorios reunían los pacientes y, de forma inversa, la prevalencia de SM era mayor cuanto mayor fue el índice de PCR-us. Conclusiones. Se confirma la idea de que la PCR-us tiene una importante relación con la existencia del SM por cualquiera de sus definiciones. Esta relación sería continua y con una tendencia lineal (AU)


Objective. To describe the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a semi-urban population in Spain. Materials and methods. Levels of hsCRP were measured in a random sample of a semi-urban population in Spain (358 patients of both sexes, aged between 40 and 75 years old, attending the medical center of Colloto). The clinical and laboratory factors required for a diagnosis of MS according to the WHO and ATP-III criteria (waist, hip, body mass index, fasting glucose, fasting insulinemia, HOMA index, HDL-C, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were also measured. Results. When either of the definitions was used, the mean hsCRP level was higher in patients with MS than in those without MS. The greater the number of distinctive factors in patients, the higher the levels of hsCRP. Equally, the greater the hsCRP level, the greater the prevalence of MS. Conclusions. This study confirms that hsCRP is associated with the presence of MS, irrespective of the definition of MS used. This relationship seems to be continuous and has a linear tendency (AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Proteína C-Reativa/administração & dosagem , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/terapia , Fatores de Risco , Análise de Variância , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/tendências , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Demografia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Tabagismo/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva
15.
Rev. esp. salud pública ; 79(4): 465-473, jul.-ago. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-045383

RESUMO

Fundamento: Recientemente el Comité Español Interdisciplinariopara la Prevención Cardiovascular (CEIP) elaboró un consensopara adaptar las recomendaciones de la Guía Europea de Prevencióncardiovascular a la población española, utilizando el SCOREcomo método de cálculo de riesgo. El objetivo de este trabajo esconocer las diferencias que supone pasar del criterio de Framinghamal de SCORE en la clasificación de los varones en el grupo de altoriesgo.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en atenciónprimaria. El número de participantes fue de 379 varones de entre 45y 65 años, correspondientes a 4 cupos de medicina general de 3 centrosde salud del Principado de Asturias. Medidas principales: cálculodel riesgo cardiovascular y prevalencia de alto riesgo según Framinghamclásico y según SCORE. Estimación de curva de prevalenciade alto riesgo por regresión logística.Resultados: La prevalencia de alto riesgo según la ecuación deFramingham fue de 24% (IC95%=19,9-28,7) y según SCORE de17,9% (IC95%=14,3-22,3) siendo la diferencia estadísticamente significativa(p=0,02). El modelo SCORE presenta prevalencias menoresen sujetos menores de 60 años y mayores por encima de los 60; envarones fumadores SCORE presenta prevalencias menores en personasmenores de 58 años; los varones de alto riesgo con Framinghamy bajo riesgo con SCORE son más jóvenes, fumadores y con cifrasmedias más bajas de presión arterial y cifras moderadas de colesterol.Conclusiones: Al aplicar el modelo SCORE clasificamos menosvarones como de alto riesgo, sobre todo en menores de 58 años,fumadores y con cifras moderadas de colesterol, que con la escala deFramingham


Background: The Spanish Interdisciplinary Committee forCardiovascular Prevention has recently drafted a consensus foradapting the European Cardiovascular Prevention Guide to theSpanish population, using SCORE as the risk-calculation method.This study is aimed as ascertaining the differences involved inchanging over from the Framingham to the SCORE criterion in theclassification of males within the high-risk group.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in primarycare. A total of 379 males within the 45-65 age range, correspondingto four (4) groups from general practitioners from threehealthcare centers in the Principality of Asturias. Main measurements:calculation of the cardiovascular risk and high-risk prevalenceby the conventional Framingham method and according to SCORE.High-risk prevalence curve estimated by logic regression.Results: The high-risk prevalence according to the Framinghamequation was 24% (CI95%=19.9-28.7) and was 17.9%(CI95%=14.3-22.3) for SCORE, the difference being statistically significant(p=0.02). The SCORE model shows lower prevalencesamong subjects under age 60 and higher for those over age 60.Among male smokers, SCORE shows lower prevalences among individualsunder 58 years of age, the high-risk males with Framinghamand low-risk with SCORE being younger, smokers and having loweraverage blood pressure figures and moderate cholesterol figures.Conclusions: On applying the SCORE model, we classify fewermales as high-risk, especially among those under 58 years of agewho are smokers having moderate cholesterol figures than when theFramingham scale is used


Assuntos
Masculino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Espanha
16.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 124(10): 368-70, 2005 Mar 19.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15766506

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to know the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as to know the differences in its prevalence according to the Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program (ATP-III) and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study performed in primary care in population of both sexes aged between 40 and 74 years. Variables studied were risk factors as well as each one of the components of MS, according to both definitions. RESULTS: We studied 358 patients, 161 (45%) men and 197 women. The prevalence of MS using the WHO criteria was 17.9% and according with the ATP-III criteria it was 23.5%. The prevalence increased with age and the body mass index. Both definitions agreed in the classification of MS in 80% of cases (kappa = 0.38). If we considered the definition of MS according to the WHO taken as the "gold standard", the ATP-III definition displays a sensitivity of 59.4%, specificity of 84.4% and negative predictive value of 90.5%. The agreement is greater in women and older than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MS is smaller with the WHO criteria. The agreement between both methods is scarce and the clinical application of the ATP-III criteria in primary care needs its homologation with clinic-epidemiological studies.


Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Organização Mundial da Saúde
17.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 124(10): 368-370, mar. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-036529

RESUMO

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio fue conocer y comparar las diferencias en la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico (SM) estimada según las definiciones del Adult Treatment Panel III the National Cholesterol Education Program (ATP-III) y de la Organización Mundial dela Salud (OMS).PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo transversal en atención primaria, en población de 40 a74 años. Se estudiaron los factores de riesgo así como cada uno de los componentes del SM, según ambas definiciones. RESULTADOS: Estudiamos a 358 pacientes, 161 (45%) varones y 197 mujeres. La prevalencia del SM según criterios de la OMS fue del 17,9% y según los del ATP-III, del 23,5%. Esta prevalencia aumenta con la edad y con el índice de masa corporal. Ambas definiciones coinciden en la clasificación en el 80% de los casos (índice de kappa = 0,38). Considerando de referencia la definición de la OMS, el ATP-III presenta una sensibilidad del 59,4%, una especificidad del 84,4% y un valor predictivo negativo del 90,5%, y la concordancia mayor en mujeres y en pacientes mayores de 60 años. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia del SM es menor con los criterios de la OMS. La concordancia entre los criterios de la OMS y los del ATP III es escasa. La aplicación clínica de los criterios del ATP-III en atención primaria precisa su homologación con estudios clinic epidemiológicos


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to know the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as to know the differences in its prevalence according to the Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program (ATP-III) and World Health Organization(WHO) criteria. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive study performed in primary care in population f both sexes aged between 40 and 74 years. Variables studied were risk factors as well as each one of the components of MS, according to both definitions. RESULTS: We studied 358 patients, 161 (45%) men and 197 women. The prevalence of MSusing the WHO criteria was 17.9% and according with the ATP-III criteria it was 23,5%. The prevalence increased with age and the body mass index. Both definitions agreed in the classification of MS in 80% of cases (kappa = 0.38). If we considered the definition of MS according to the WHO taken as the «gold standard», the ATP-III definition displays a sensitivity of59.4%, specificity of 84.4% and negative predictive value of 90.5%. The agreement is greater in women and older than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MS is smaller with the WHO criteria. The agreement between both methods is scarce and the clinical application of the ATP-III criteria in primary care needs its homologation with clinic-epidemiologal studies


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Etários , Classificação Internacional de Doenças , Fatores Sexuais , Índice de Massa Corporal
18.
Rev Esp Salud Publica ; 79(4): 465-73, 2005.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16465963

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The Spanish Interdisciplinary Committee for Cardiovascular Prevention has recently drafted a consensus for adapting the European Cardiovascular Prevention Guide to the Spanish population, using SCORE as the risk-calculation method. This study is aimed as ascertaining the differences involved in changing over from the Framingham to the SCORE criterion in the classification of males within the high-risk group. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in primary care. A total of 379 males within the 45-65 age range, corresponding to four (4) groups from general practitioners from three healthcare centers in the Principality of Asturias. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: calculation of the cardiovascular risk and high-risk prevalence by the conventional Framingham method and according to SCORE. High-risk prevalence curve estimated by logic regression. RESULTS: The high-risk prevalence according to the Framingham equation was 24% (CI95%=19.9-28.7) and was 17.9% (CI95%=14.3-22.3) for SCORE, the difference being statistically significant (p=0.02). The SCORE model shows lower prevalences among subjects under age 60 and higher for those over age 60. Among male smokers, SCORE shows lower prevalences among individuals under 58 years of age, the high-risk males with Framingham and low-risk with SCORE being younger, smokers and having lower average blood pressure figures and moderate cholesterol figures. CONCLUSIONS: On applying the SCORE model, we classify fewer males as high-risk, especially among those under 58 years of age who are smokers having moderate cholesterol figures than when the Framingham scale is used.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha
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